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Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 13 - 26, 25.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.766802

Abstract

Bu çalışmada trafik yoğunluğundan kaynaklanan ağır metal konsantrasyonunun izlenmesinde zeytin ağacının (Olea eurpaea L.) biyomonitör olarak kullanılma potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Artvin ili kent merkezinde trafik yoğunluğunun farklı olduğu altı farklı istasyondan toplanan toprak, yaprak, meyve ve kabuk örneklerindeki % kükürt miktarı, elementel analiz cihazı ile Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb ve Al içerikleri ise ICP-OES ile belirlenmiştir. Analiz ölçümlerinin doğruluğu toprak örnekleri için LGC 6187 ve bitki örnekleri için ERM-CD 281 standart referans madde kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen ölçüm sonuçlarındaki farklılıklar ise ANOVA testi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; toprak, yaprak, meyve ve kabukta yüzdesel olarak en yüksek kükürt değeri trafik yoğunluğunun en fazla olduğu noktalarda tespit edilmiştir. Bitki ve toprak örneklerindeki Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb ve Al elementleri için ağır metal konsantrasyonları yapılan diğer çalışmalar ve yönetmeliklerle karşılaştırılmış ve tüm metallerin sınır değeler içerisinde bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. Yapılan istatiksel çalışmalarda; noktalar arasında %95 güven düzeyinde anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca trafiğin yoğun olduğu alanlardan uzaklaştıkça toprak, yaprak, meyve ve kabuğun metal konsantrasyonlarında azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum zeytinin trafik kaynaklı kirliliğin belirlenmesinde biyomonitör olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Aksoy A., Hale W.H., Dixon J.M., (1999), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. as a biomonitor of heavy metals, Science of the Total Environment, 226(2-3), 177-186.
  • Alfani A., Baldantoni D., Maisto G., Bartoli G., De Santo A.V., (2000), Temporal and spatial variation in C, N, S and trace element contents in the leaves of Quercus ilex within the urban area of Naples, Environmental Pollution, 109(1), 119-129.
  • Altın V., (2002), Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, TÜBİTAK Bilim-Teknik Dergisi–Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 410, 2-23.
  • Aydeniz A., (1985), Toprak Amenajman, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 928, Ankara.
  • Barnes D., Hamadah M.A., Ottaway J.M., (1976), The lead, copper and zinc content of tree rings and bark A measurement of local metallic pollution, Science of the Total Environment, 5(1), 63-67.
  • Bayram H., Dörtbudak Z., Fişekçi F.E., Kargın M., Bülbül B., (2006), Hava kirliliğinin insan sağlığına etkileri, dünyada, ülkemizde ve bölgemizde hava kirliliği sorunu, Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 33(2), 105-112.
  • Bingham E., Cohrssen B., Powell C.H., (2001), Toxicological Issues Related to Metals: Neurotoxicology and Radiation Metals and Metal Compounds, Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA, 819ss.
  • Bondada B.R., Tu S., Ma L.Q., (2004), Absorption of foliar-applied arsenic by the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern (Pteris vittata L.), Science of the Total Environment, 332(1-3), 61-70.
  • Carrigan R.A., Erwin T.C., (1951), Cobalt determination in soils by spectrographic analysis following chemical preconcentration, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 15(C), 145-149.
  • Dökmeci İ., Dökmeci A.H., (2005), Toksiloji zehirlemede tanı ve tedavi, 4. Baskı, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul, Türkiye.675ss.
  • Efe R., Soykan A., Sönmez S., Cürebal İ., (2009), Sıcaklık şartlarının Türkiye'de zeytinin (Olea europea L. subs. europaea) yetişmesine, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerine etkisi, Ekoloji, 18 (70), 17-26.
  • Elmacı Ö.L., (1995), Güney Marmara Bölgesi sanayi domates alanlarındaki toprak sulama suyu ve domates (Lycopersicum esculentum) meyvelerinde ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • EPA, (2007), Method 3051A (SW-846): Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and Oils, Revision 1, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/3051a.pdf, [Erişim 1 Temmuz 2020].
  • FAO, (2003), Codex Alimentarius Commission adopts more than 50 new food standards, http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/ 2003/20363-en.html, FAO Newsroom, [Erişim 1 Temmuz 2020].
  • Ferreire I.C.F.R., Barros L., Soares M.E., Bastos M.L., Pereira J.A., (2007), Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Contents of Olea europaea L. Leaves Sprayed with Different Copper Formulations, Food Chemistry, 103, 188-195.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A.,2000, Trace element in soils and plants, 3rd edition, CRC Press, USA, 413ss.
  • Kaçar B., Katkat A.V., (1999), Gübreler ve gübreleme tekniği, Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayınları, Bursa, Türkiye, 401ss.
  • Karaca A., Turgay O.C., (2012), Toprak kirliliği, Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 1(1), 13-19.
  • Keçeli T., Gordon M.H. (2002)., Ferric ions Reduce the Antioxidant Activity of the Phenolic Fraction of Virgin Olive Oil, Journal of Food Science, 67(3), 943-947.
  • Knezevic M., Stankovic D., Krstic B., Nikolic M.S., Vilotic D., (2009), Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SY Hu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl, African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(20), 5422-5429.
  • Kılıç D.D., (2019), Investigation of heavy metal accumulation and biomonitoring of Calepina irregularis species growing in Amasya (Turkey) province, Anatolian Journal of Botany, 3(2), 44-50.
  • Kılıç S., (2020), Kazdağları Bölgesine Ait Zeytin, Zeytin Yaprağı ve Zeytinyağlarının Element Tayini ve Metot Validasyonu, Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3(1), 48-54.
  • Kiritsakis A.K., (1998), Flavor components of olive oil—A review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 75(6), 673-681.
  • Li X., Lee S.L., Wong S.C., Shi W., Thornton I., (2004), The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach, Environmental Pollution, 129(1), 113-124.
  • Malkoc S., Yazıcı B., Savas Koparal A., (2010), Assessment of the levels of heavy metal pollution in roadside soils of Eskisehir, Turkey, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(12), 2720-2725.
  • Manta D.S., Angelone M., Bellanca A., Neri R., Sprovieri M., (2002), Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy, Science of the Total Environment, 300(1-3), 229-243.
  • Massaquoi L.D., Ma H., Liu X.H., Han P.Y., Zuo S.M., Hua Z.X., Liu D.W., (2015), Heavy metal accumulation in soils, plants, and hair samples: an assessment of heavy metal exposure risks from the consumption of vegetables grown on soils previously irrigated with wastewater, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(23), 18456-18468.
  • Mater B., (1998), Toprak coğrafyası, Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 271ss.
  • Möller A., Müller H.W., Abdullah A., Abdelgawad G., Utermann J., (2005), Urban soil pollution in Damascus, Syria: concentrations and patterns of heavy metals in the soils of the Damascus Ghouta, Geoderma, 124(1-2), 63-71.
  • Nazzal Y., Ghrefat H., Rosen M. A., (2014), Heavy metal contamination of roadside dusts: a case study for selected highways of the greater Toronto area, Canada involving multivariate geostatistics, Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(5), 259-273.
  • Pan L.B., Ma J., Wang X.L., Hou H., (2016), Heavy metals in soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China: levels, sources and spatial distribution, Chemosphere, 148, 248-254.
  • Pınar B., (2019), Bazı peyzaj bitkilerinde ağır metal birikiminin trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı değişimi, Doktora Tezi, Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kastamonu. Sayılı M., Akman Z., (1994), Tarımsal uygulamalar ve çevreye olan etkileri, Ekoloji Dergisi, 12(7), 28-32.
  • Sezgin N., Ozcan H.K., Demir G., Nemlioğlu S., Bayat C., (2003), Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in İstanbul E-5 Highway, Environment International, 29, 973-985.
  • Schactschabel P, Blume H.P., (1984), Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. Enke, Stuttgart, Almanya, 441ss.
  • Sresty T.V.S., Rao K.M., (1999), Ultrastructural alterations in response to zinc and nickel stress in the root cells of pigeonpea, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 41(1), 3-13.
  • Şahan Y., Basoglu F., Gücer S., (2007), ICP-MS analysis of a series of metals (Namely: Mg, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Cd and Pb) in black and green olive samples from Bursa, Turkey, Food Chemistry, 105(1), 395-399.
  • Shahid M., Dumat C., Khalid S., Schreck E., Xiong T., Niazi N.K., (2017), Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake,Journal of hazardous materials, 325, 36-58.
  • Şişman İ., (1999), Sapanca bölgesinde TEM otoyolundan kaynaklanan ağır metal kirliliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Turan D., Kocahakimoglu C., Kavcar P., Gaygısız H., Atatanir, L., Turgut C., Sofuoglu S. C., (2011), The use of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves as a bioindicator for environmental pollution in the Province of Aydın, Turkey, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18(3), 355-364.
  • TÜİK, (2019), Türkiye’de katılı toplam motorlu kara taşıtı sayısı istatistikleri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten/Index?p=Motorlu-Kara-Tasitlari-Aralik-2019-33648, [Erişim:30 Ocak 2020].
  • Tok H.H., (1997), Çevre Kirliliği, Anadolu Matbaası, İstanbul, 404ss.
  • Tomašević M., Aničić M., (2010), Trace element content in urban tree leaves and sem-edax characterization of deposited particles, Facta Universitatis-Series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 8(1), 1-13.
  • Ukpaka C.P., (2016), Empirical model approach for the evaluation of pH and conductivity on pollutant diffusion in soil environment, Chemistry International, 2(4), 267- 278.
  • WHO, (1989), Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives, World Health Organization, WHO technical report series, no. 776, WHO, Geneva (1989), 66ss.
  • WHO, (2007), WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicine with reference contaminants and residues, World Health Organization, Spain, 105ss.
  • Yalcin M.G., Battaloglu R., Ilhan S., (2007), Heavy metal sources in Sultan Marsh and its neighborhood, Kayseri, Turkey, Environmental Geology, 53(2), 399-415.
  • Yanık T., Atamanalp M., (2001), Balık yetiştiriciliğinde su kirliliğine giriş, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Yayınları No: 226, Erzurum.
  • Zaanouni N., Gharssallaoui M., Eloussaief M., Gabsi S., (2018), Heavy metals transfer in the olive tree and assessment of food contamination risk, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(19), 18320-18331.
  • Zhang C., (2006), Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns in urban soils in Galway, Ireland, Environmental Pollution, 142(3), 501-511.

Evaluation of Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) as A Biomonitor for Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution Caused by Traffic: Example of Artvin

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 13 - 26, 25.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.766802

Abstract

In this study, the potential of using olive tree (Olea europaea L.) as a biomonitor was investigated in monitoring heavy metal concentrations caused by traffic density. For this reason, in soil, leaf, fruit and shell samples collected from regions where traffic density is different in the city center of Artvin province, Sulfur content (%) was determined by elemental analyzer and heavy metals (Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and Al) was determined by ICP-OES. The accuracy of the assay measurements was tested using LGC 6187 for soil samples and ERM-CD 281 for plant samples. The differences in the measurement results obtained were determined using the ANOVA test According to the results obtained; the highest sulfur value in soil, leaves, fruit and bark was determined at the points with the highest traffic density. Heavy metal concentrations for Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and Al elements in plant and soil samples were compared with other studies and regulations, and all metals were found to be within the limit values. In statistical studies, it has been determined that there is a significant difference between points at 95% confidence level. In addition, it has been found that metal concentrations of soil, leaves, fruits and bark decrease as they move away from traffic areas. This is an indication that olives can be used as biomonitors in detecting traffic pollution.

References

  • Aksoy A., Hale W.H., Dixon J.M., (1999), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. as a biomonitor of heavy metals, Science of the Total Environment, 226(2-3), 177-186.
  • Alfani A., Baldantoni D., Maisto G., Bartoli G., De Santo A.V., (2000), Temporal and spatial variation in C, N, S and trace element contents in the leaves of Quercus ilex within the urban area of Naples, Environmental Pollution, 109(1), 119-129.
  • Altın V., (2002), Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, TÜBİTAK Bilim-Teknik Dergisi–Yeni Ufuklara Eki, 410, 2-23.
  • Aydeniz A., (1985), Toprak Amenajman, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 928, Ankara.
  • Barnes D., Hamadah M.A., Ottaway J.M., (1976), The lead, copper and zinc content of tree rings and bark A measurement of local metallic pollution, Science of the Total Environment, 5(1), 63-67.
  • Bayram H., Dörtbudak Z., Fişekçi F.E., Kargın M., Bülbül B., (2006), Hava kirliliğinin insan sağlığına etkileri, dünyada, ülkemizde ve bölgemizde hava kirliliği sorunu, Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 33(2), 105-112.
  • Bingham E., Cohrssen B., Powell C.H., (2001), Toxicological Issues Related to Metals: Neurotoxicology and Radiation Metals and Metal Compounds, Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA, 819ss.
  • Bondada B.R., Tu S., Ma L.Q., (2004), Absorption of foliar-applied arsenic by the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern (Pteris vittata L.), Science of the Total Environment, 332(1-3), 61-70.
  • Carrigan R.A., Erwin T.C., (1951), Cobalt determination in soils by spectrographic analysis following chemical preconcentration, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 15(C), 145-149.
  • Dökmeci İ., Dökmeci A.H., (2005), Toksiloji zehirlemede tanı ve tedavi, 4. Baskı, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul, Türkiye.675ss.
  • Efe R., Soykan A., Sönmez S., Cürebal İ., (2009), Sıcaklık şartlarının Türkiye'de zeytinin (Olea europea L. subs. europaea) yetişmesine, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerine etkisi, Ekoloji, 18 (70), 17-26.
  • Elmacı Ö.L., (1995), Güney Marmara Bölgesi sanayi domates alanlarındaki toprak sulama suyu ve domates (Lycopersicum esculentum) meyvelerinde ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • EPA, (2007), Method 3051A (SW-846): Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and Oils, Revision 1, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/3051a.pdf, [Erişim 1 Temmuz 2020].
  • FAO, (2003), Codex Alimentarius Commission adopts more than 50 new food standards, http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/ 2003/20363-en.html, FAO Newsroom, [Erişim 1 Temmuz 2020].
  • Ferreire I.C.F.R., Barros L., Soares M.E., Bastos M.L., Pereira J.A., (2007), Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Contents of Olea europaea L. Leaves Sprayed with Different Copper Formulations, Food Chemistry, 103, 188-195.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A.,2000, Trace element in soils and plants, 3rd edition, CRC Press, USA, 413ss.
  • Kaçar B., Katkat A.V., (1999), Gübreler ve gübreleme tekniği, Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayınları, Bursa, Türkiye, 401ss.
  • Karaca A., Turgay O.C., (2012), Toprak kirliliği, Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 1(1), 13-19.
  • Keçeli T., Gordon M.H. (2002)., Ferric ions Reduce the Antioxidant Activity of the Phenolic Fraction of Virgin Olive Oil, Journal of Food Science, 67(3), 943-947.
  • Knezevic M., Stankovic D., Krstic B., Nikolic M.S., Vilotic D., (2009), Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and leaves of plant species Paulownia elongata SY Hu and Paulownia fortunei Hemsl, African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(20), 5422-5429.
  • Kılıç D.D., (2019), Investigation of heavy metal accumulation and biomonitoring of Calepina irregularis species growing in Amasya (Turkey) province, Anatolian Journal of Botany, 3(2), 44-50.
  • Kılıç S., (2020), Kazdağları Bölgesine Ait Zeytin, Zeytin Yaprağı ve Zeytinyağlarının Element Tayini ve Metot Validasyonu, Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3(1), 48-54.
  • Kiritsakis A.K., (1998), Flavor components of olive oil—A review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 75(6), 673-681.
  • Li X., Lee S.L., Wong S.C., Shi W., Thornton I., (2004), The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach, Environmental Pollution, 129(1), 113-124.
  • Malkoc S., Yazıcı B., Savas Koparal A., (2010), Assessment of the levels of heavy metal pollution in roadside soils of Eskisehir, Turkey, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(12), 2720-2725.
  • Manta D.S., Angelone M., Bellanca A., Neri R., Sprovieri M., (2002), Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy, Science of the Total Environment, 300(1-3), 229-243.
  • Massaquoi L.D., Ma H., Liu X.H., Han P.Y., Zuo S.M., Hua Z.X., Liu D.W., (2015), Heavy metal accumulation in soils, plants, and hair samples: an assessment of heavy metal exposure risks from the consumption of vegetables grown on soils previously irrigated with wastewater, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(23), 18456-18468.
  • Mater B., (1998), Toprak coğrafyası, Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 271ss.
  • Möller A., Müller H.W., Abdullah A., Abdelgawad G., Utermann J., (2005), Urban soil pollution in Damascus, Syria: concentrations and patterns of heavy metals in the soils of the Damascus Ghouta, Geoderma, 124(1-2), 63-71.
  • Nazzal Y., Ghrefat H., Rosen M. A., (2014), Heavy metal contamination of roadside dusts: a case study for selected highways of the greater Toronto area, Canada involving multivariate geostatistics, Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(5), 259-273.
  • Pan L.B., Ma J., Wang X.L., Hou H., (2016), Heavy metals in soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China: levels, sources and spatial distribution, Chemosphere, 148, 248-254.
  • Pınar B., (2019), Bazı peyzaj bitkilerinde ağır metal birikiminin trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı değişimi, Doktora Tezi, Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kastamonu. Sayılı M., Akman Z., (1994), Tarımsal uygulamalar ve çevreye olan etkileri, Ekoloji Dergisi, 12(7), 28-32.
  • Sezgin N., Ozcan H.K., Demir G., Nemlioğlu S., Bayat C., (2003), Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in İstanbul E-5 Highway, Environment International, 29, 973-985.
  • Schactschabel P, Blume H.P., (1984), Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. Enke, Stuttgart, Almanya, 441ss.
  • Sresty T.V.S., Rao K.M., (1999), Ultrastructural alterations in response to zinc and nickel stress in the root cells of pigeonpea, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 41(1), 3-13.
  • Şahan Y., Basoglu F., Gücer S., (2007), ICP-MS analysis of a series of metals (Namely: Mg, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Cd and Pb) in black and green olive samples from Bursa, Turkey, Food Chemistry, 105(1), 395-399.
  • Shahid M., Dumat C., Khalid S., Schreck E., Xiong T., Niazi N.K., (2017), Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake,Journal of hazardous materials, 325, 36-58.
  • Şişman İ., (1999), Sapanca bölgesinde TEM otoyolundan kaynaklanan ağır metal kirliliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Turan D., Kocahakimoglu C., Kavcar P., Gaygısız H., Atatanir, L., Turgut C., Sofuoglu S. C., (2011), The use of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves as a bioindicator for environmental pollution in the Province of Aydın, Turkey, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18(3), 355-364.
  • TÜİK, (2019), Türkiye’de katılı toplam motorlu kara taşıtı sayısı istatistikleri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten/Index?p=Motorlu-Kara-Tasitlari-Aralik-2019-33648, [Erişim:30 Ocak 2020].
  • Tok H.H., (1997), Çevre Kirliliği, Anadolu Matbaası, İstanbul, 404ss.
  • Tomašević M., Aničić M., (2010), Trace element content in urban tree leaves and sem-edax characterization of deposited particles, Facta Universitatis-Series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 8(1), 1-13.
  • Ukpaka C.P., (2016), Empirical model approach for the evaluation of pH and conductivity on pollutant diffusion in soil environment, Chemistry International, 2(4), 267- 278.
  • WHO, (1989), Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives, World Health Organization, WHO technical report series, no. 776, WHO, Geneva (1989), 66ss.
  • WHO, (2007), WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicine with reference contaminants and residues, World Health Organization, Spain, 105ss.
  • Yalcin M.G., Battaloglu R., Ilhan S., (2007), Heavy metal sources in Sultan Marsh and its neighborhood, Kayseri, Turkey, Environmental Geology, 53(2), 399-415.
  • Yanık T., Atamanalp M., (2001), Balık yetiştiriciliğinde su kirliliğine giriş, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Yayınları No: 226, Erzurum.
  • Zaanouni N., Gharssallaoui M., Eloussaief M., Gabsi S., (2018), Heavy metals transfer in the olive tree and assessment of food contamination risk, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(19), 18320-18331.
  • Zhang C., (2006), Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns in urban soils in Galway, Ireland, Environmental Pollution, 142(3), 501-511.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Umut Konanc 0000-0002-4141-3923

Publication Date January 25, 2021
Submission Date July 8, 2020
Acceptance Date September 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Konanc, M. U. (2021). Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 7(1), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.766802
AMA Konanc MU. Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği. J Nat Haz Environ. January 2021;7(1):13-26. doi:10.21324/dacd.766802
Chicago Konanc, Mustafa Umut. “Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea Europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 7, no. 1 (January 2021): 13-26. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.766802.
EndNote Konanc MU (January 1, 2021) Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 7 1 13–26.
IEEE M. U. Konanc, “Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği”, J Nat Haz Environ, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13–26, 2021, doi: 10.21324/dacd.766802.
ISNAD Konanc, Mustafa Umut. “Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea Europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 7/1 (January 2021), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.766802.
JAMA Konanc MU. Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği. J Nat Haz Environ. 2021;7:13–26.
MLA Konanc, Mustafa Umut. “Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea Europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2021, pp. 13-26, doi:10.21324/dacd.766802.
Vancouver Konanc MU. Trafik Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Kirliliklerinin İzlenmesinde Zeytin Ağacının (Olea europaea L.) Biyomonitör Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Artvin Örneği. J Nat Haz Environ. 2021;7(1):13-26.