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Kinematic Rupture Process of Manyas (Mw=4.7) and Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Earthquakes Occurred in The Southern Marmara Region

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 305 - 316, 31.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.492963

Abstract

Source
characterization and slip history were estimated for two moderate-sized
earthquakes which occurred on the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault zone
(NAFz): October 20, 2006 (Mw 4.7) Manyas Earthquake and October 24, 2006 (Mw
4.8) Gulf of Gemlik Earthquake. These events are the largest to have occurred
in the last 20 years on the southern branch of the NAFz. Multi time-window
linear waveform inversion technique (MTWIT) was applied to strong ground motion
(SGM) data. Theoretical Green’s functions between subfaults and stations were
calculated by a Discrete Wave Number Method (DWNM) using one-dimensional (1-D)
velocity structure. The inversion technique used in this study yields a non-unique
solution. Therefore, various rupture models were tested until a satisfactory
match was obtained between observed and synthetic data. Results showed simple
patterns in slip distributions. Max. slips are 0.18 m and 0.12 m and seismic
moments are 3.43E+15 Nm and 1.73E+15 Nm for the Gemlik and Manyas Earthquakes,
respectively. Results were compared with those of similar sized earthquakes
around the world and a new empirical relationship was proposed between seismic
moment and rupture area. It was aimed at providing useful information for resolving
rupture mechanisms and triggering of the events in Southern Marmara region
through the findings of the present study
.

References

  • Abdel-Fattah A., (2002), Source characteristics of a moderate earthquake (M 4.9) using empirical Green’s function technique, Annals of Geophysics, 45(5), 575-585.
  • Akaike H., Bernardo J.M., (Ed.), (1980), Likelihood and the Bayes procedure, in Bayesian Statistics, Univ. Press, Valencia, Spain. 142-166.
  • Ambraseys N.N., (2002), The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 92 (1), 1–18.
  • Armijo R., 22 co-authors, (2005), Submarine fault scarps in the Sea of Marmara pullapart (North Anatolian Fault): implications for seismic hazard in Istanbul, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystem, 6(6), 1-29, doi:10.1029/2004GC000896.
  • Barka A., (1992), The North Anatolian Fault Zone, Annales Tectonicae, 6, 164-195.
  • Barka A.A., (1996). Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 86, 1238-1254.
  • Bekler T., Gürbüz C., (2008), Insight into the Crustal Structure of the Eastern Marmara Region, NW Turkey, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 165, 295-309.
  • Bekler F.N., Ozel N.M., Birgöre G., (2009), Rupture Characteristics of The Two Moderate Size Earthquakes on Southern Marmara, Turkey, AGU 2009 Fall Meeting, San-Francisco, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S31A-1694.
  • Bekler F.N., Ozel N.M., Birgöre G., (2011), Rupture Process of Two Moderate Size Earthquakes in The Southern Marmara Region, AGU 2011 Fall Meeting, San-Francisco, Abstract S43C-2286.
  • Birgören G., Sekiguchi H., Irikura K., (2004), Rupture model of the 1999 Duzce, Turkey, earthquake deduced from high and low frequency strong ground motion data, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L05610.
  • Bouchon M., (1981), A simple method to calculate Green’s function forelastic layered media, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,71, 959– 971.
  • Bozkurt E., (2001), Neotectonics of Turkey−a synthesis, Geodinamica Acta, 14, 3-30.
  • Dziewonski A.M., Anderson D.L., (1981), Preliminary Reference Earth model, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 25, 297–356.
  • Flerit F., Armijo R., King G.C.P., Meyer B., Barka A., (2003), Slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart determined from GPS velocity vectors, Geophysical Journal International 154, 1–7.
  • Fukahata Y., Yagi Y., Matsu'ura M., (2003), Waveform inversion for seismic source processes using ABIC with two sorts of prior constraints: Comparison between proper and improper formulations, Geophysical Research Letter, 30(6), doi:10.1029/2002GL016 293.
  • Geller R. J., Takeuchi N., (1995), A new method for computing highly accurate DSM synthetic seismograms, Geophysical Jornal International, 123, 449–470.
  • Gürbüz C., Aktar M., Eyidoğan H., Cisternas A., Haessler H., BarkaA., Ergin M., Türkelli N., Polat O., Üçer B., Kuleli H.S., Barıs Ş., Kaypak B., Bekler T., Zor E., Biçmen F., Yörük A., (2000), The seismotectonics of the Marmara Region (Turkey): Results from a microseismic experiment, Tectonophysics, 316, 1–17.
  • Helmstetter A., Kagan Y., Jackson D., (2005), Importance of small earthquakes for stress transfers and earthquake triggering, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B05S08, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003286.
  • Ichinose G. A., Smith K.D., Anderson J.G., (1997), Source parameters of the 15 November 1995 Border Town, Nevada, Earthquake Sequence, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 87, 652-667.
  • Irmak T.S., Grosser H., Ozer M.F., Woith H., Baris S., (2007), The October 2006 Gemlik Earthquake (M:5.2), Geophysical Research Abtstract, 9, s10212.
  • Karabulut H., Ozalaybey S., Taymaz T., Aktar M., Selvi O., Kocaoglu A., (2003), A tomographic image of the shallow crustal structure in the Eastern Marmara, Geophysical Research Letters, L018074.
  • Kennett B.L.N, Engdahl E.R., (1991), Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification, Geophysical Journal International, 105, 429–465.
  • Kennett B.L., Kerry N.J., (1979), Seismic waves in a stratified half space, Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomical Society, 57, 557– 583.
  • Marsan D., (2005), The role of small earthquakes in redistributing crustal elastic stress, Geophysical Journal International,163, 141-151.
  • Mohammadioun B., Serva, L., (2001), Stress drop, slip type, earthquake magnitude—and seismic hazard, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 694 – 707.
  • Okay A.I., Kaşlilar-Özcan A., İmren C., Boztepe-Güney A., Demirbağ E., Kuşçu, İ., (2000), Active faults and evolving strike-slip basins in the Marmara Sea, northwest Turkey: a multi-channel reflection study, Tectonophysics, 321, 189–218.
  • Selim H., Tüysüz O., Barka A., (2006), Güney Marmara Bölümünün Neotektoniği, ITU dergisi/d mühendislik, C5, 1, 151-160.
  • Somerville P., Irikura K., Graves R., Sawada S., Wald D., (1999), Characterizing Crustal Earthquake Slip Models for the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 70 (1), 59-80.
  • Sekiguchi H., Irikura K., Iwata T., (2000), Fault geometry in the rupture termination of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90, 117– 133.
  • Şaroğlu F., Emre O., Kuşcu I., (1992), Türkiye’nin Aktif Tektonik Haritası, Maden Tekkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., (1979), The North Anatolian transform fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance Journal of the Geological Society, 136 (3), 269–282.
  • Rebollar C. J., Quintanar L., Castro R., Day R., Madrid S.M., Brune J., Astiz J.N., Vernon L.F., (2001), Source Characteristics of a 5.5 Magnitude Earthquake that Occurred in the Transform Fault System of the Delfin Basin in the Gulf of California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 781-791.
  • Tinti E., Fukuyama E.A., Cocco M., (2005), A kinematic source time function compatible with earthquake Dynamics, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 1211– 1123.
  • Tsukuda E., Herece E., Kuşçu I., (1988), Some geological evidence on activity of the western North Anatolian fault, Geyve, İznik, Gemlik area, ITIT Project 8513, 68-91.
  • Wells D. L., Coppersmith K.J., (1994), New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area and Surface Displacement, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84, 974-1002.

Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 305 - 316, 31.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.492963

Abstract

Kuzey Anadolu Fay zonu (KAFz) güney kolunda meydana
gelen orta büyüklükte 2 deprem için sismik kaynak karakteri ve faylanmalara ait
kaymanın gelişimi incelenmiştir. Bu iki depremden biri 20 Ekim 2006 tarihinde
meydana gelen Manyas depremi (Mw=4.7) ve diğeri de 24 Ekim 2006 tarihinde olan
Gemlik Körfezi depremi (Mw=4.8) olarak analiz edilmiştir. Her iki depremde, KAFz
güney kolundaki son 20 yılda meydana gelen orta büyüklükteki yırtılmalardır.
Sayısal analizde kuvvetli yer hareketi (KYH) verisine çoklu zaman-pencereli
dalga şekli ters çözümü tekniği uygulanmıştır. Alt fay grupları (tali faylar)
ve istasyonlar arasındaki kuramsal Green fonksiyonları bir-boyutlu (1-B) hız
yapısı kullanılarak ayrık dalga sayısı yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada
kullanılan ters çözüm tekniği, tekil olmayan çözümü getirmektedir. Bu nedenle
hem gözlemsel hem de sentetik veri eşleşene kadar çeşitli yırtılma modelleri
denenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kayma dağılımlarında basit modellerine işaret
etmektedir. Gemlik ve Manyas depremleri için kayma miktarları sırası ile 0.18m
ve 0.12m, sismik moment değerleri ise 3.43E+15 Nm ve 1.73E+15Nm olarak elde
edilmiştir.  Sonuçlar, küresel ölçekte
benzer büyüklükte depremlerle karşılaştırılmış ve sismik moment ile yırtılma
arasında yeni bir deneysel ilişki önerilmiştir. Bulguların Güney Marmara
bölgesindeki yırtılma mekanizmalarının çözümlenmesinde ve depremlerin
tetiklenmesi için yararlı bilgiler sağlamasını amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Abdel-Fattah A., (2002), Source characteristics of a moderate earthquake (M 4.9) using empirical Green’s function technique, Annals of Geophysics, 45(5), 575-585.
  • Akaike H., Bernardo J.M., (Ed.), (1980), Likelihood and the Bayes procedure, in Bayesian Statistics, Univ. Press, Valencia, Spain. 142-166.
  • Ambraseys N.N., (2002), The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 92 (1), 1–18.
  • Armijo R., 22 co-authors, (2005), Submarine fault scarps in the Sea of Marmara pullapart (North Anatolian Fault): implications for seismic hazard in Istanbul, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystem, 6(6), 1-29, doi:10.1029/2004GC000896.
  • Barka A., (1992), The North Anatolian Fault Zone, Annales Tectonicae, 6, 164-195.
  • Barka A.A., (1996). Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 86, 1238-1254.
  • Bekler T., Gürbüz C., (2008), Insight into the Crustal Structure of the Eastern Marmara Region, NW Turkey, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 165, 295-309.
  • Bekler F.N., Ozel N.M., Birgöre G., (2009), Rupture Characteristics of The Two Moderate Size Earthquakes on Southern Marmara, Turkey, AGU 2009 Fall Meeting, San-Francisco, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S31A-1694.
  • Bekler F.N., Ozel N.M., Birgöre G., (2011), Rupture Process of Two Moderate Size Earthquakes in The Southern Marmara Region, AGU 2011 Fall Meeting, San-Francisco, Abstract S43C-2286.
  • Birgören G., Sekiguchi H., Irikura K., (2004), Rupture model of the 1999 Duzce, Turkey, earthquake deduced from high and low frequency strong ground motion data, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L05610.
  • Bouchon M., (1981), A simple method to calculate Green’s function forelastic layered media, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,71, 959– 971.
  • Bozkurt E., (2001), Neotectonics of Turkey−a synthesis, Geodinamica Acta, 14, 3-30.
  • Dziewonski A.M., Anderson D.L., (1981), Preliminary Reference Earth model, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 25, 297–356.
  • Flerit F., Armijo R., King G.C.P., Meyer B., Barka A., (2003), Slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart determined from GPS velocity vectors, Geophysical Journal International 154, 1–7.
  • Fukahata Y., Yagi Y., Matsu'ura M., (2003), Waveform inversion for seismic source processes using ABIC with two sorts of prior constraints: Comparison between proper and improper formulations, Geophysical Research Letter, 30(6), doi:10.1029/2002GL016 293.
  • Geller R. J., Takeuchi N., (1995), A new method for computing highly accurate DSM synthetic seismograms, Geophysical Jornal International, 123, 449–470.
  • Gürbüz C., Aktar M., Eyidoğan H., Cisternas A., Haessler H., BarkaA., Ergin M., Türkelli N., Polat O., Üçer B., Kuleli H.S., Barıs Ş., Kaypak B., Bekler T., Zor E., Biçmen F., Yörük A., (2000), The seismotectonics of the Marmara Region (Turkey): Results from a microseismic experiment, Tectonophysics, 316, 1–17.
  • Helmstetter A., Kagan Y., Jackson D., (2005), Importance of small earthquakes for stress transfers and earthquake triggering, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B05S08, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003286.
  • Ichinose G. A., Smith K.D., Anderson J.G., (1997), Source parameters of the 15 November 1995 Border Town, Nevada, Earthquake Sequence, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 87, 652-667.
  • Irmak T.S., Grosser H., Ozer M.F., Woith H., Baris S., (2007), The October 2006 Gemlik Earthquake (M:5.2), Geophysical Research Abtstract, 9, s10212.
  • Karabulut H., Ozalaybey S., Taymaz T., Aktar M., Selvi O., Kocaoglu A., (2003), A tomographic image of the shallow crustal structure in the Eastern Marmara, Geophysical Research Letters, L018074.
  • Kennett B.L.N, Engdahl E.R., (1991), Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification, Geophysical Journal International, 105, 429–465.
  • Kennett B.L., Kerry N.J., (1979), Seismic waves in a stratified half space, Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomical Society, 57, 557– 583.
  • Marsan D., (2005), The role of small earthquakes in redistributing crustal elastic stress, Geophysical Journal International,163, 141-151.
  • Mohammadioun B., Serva, L., (2001), Stress drop, slip type, earthquake magnitude—and seismic hazard, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 694 – 707.
  • Okay A.I., Kaşlilar-Özcan A., İmren C., Boztepe-Güney A., Demirbağ E., Kuşçu, İ., (2000), Active faults and evolving strike-slip basins in the Marmara Sea, northwest Turkey: a multi-channel reflection study, Tectonophysics, 321, 189–218.
  • Selim H., Tüysüz O., Barka A., (2006), Güney Marmara Bölümünün Neotektoniği, ITU dergisi/d mühendislik, C5, 1, 151-160.
  • Somerville P., Irikura K., Graves R., Sawada S., Wald D., (1999), Characterizing Crustal Earthquake Slip Models for the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 70 (1), 59-80.
  • Sekiguchi H., Irikura K., Iwata T., (2000), Fault geometry in the rupture termination of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90, 117– 133.
  • Şaroğlu F., Emre O., Kuşcu I., (1992), Türkiye’nin Aktif Tektonik Haritası, Maden Tekkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., (1979), The North Anatolian transform fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance Journal of the Geological Society, 136 (3), 269–282.
  • Rebollar C. J., Quintanar L., Castro R., Day R., Madrid S.M., Brune J., Astiz J.N., Vernon L.F., (2001), Source Characteristics of a 5.5 Magnitude Earthquake that Occurred in the Transform Fault System of the Delfin Basin in the Gulf of California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 781-791.
  • Tinti E., Fukuyama E.A., Cocco M., (2005), A kinematic source time function compatible with earthquake Dynamics, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 1211– 1123.
  • Tsukuda E., Herece E., Kuşçu I., (1988), Some geological evidence on activity of the western North Anatolian fault, Geyve, İznik, Gemlik area, ITIT Project 8513, 68-91.
  • Wells D. L., Coppersmith K.J., (1994), New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area and Surface Displacement, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84, 974-1002.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Feyza Nur Bekler 0000-0001-9941-8105

Nurcan Meral Özel 0000-0003-1449-5553

Gülüm Tanırcan 0000-0002-0535-5658

Publication Date July 31, 2019
Submission Date December 6, 2018
Acceptance Date February 6, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bekler, F. N., Özel, N. M., & Tanırcan, G. (2019). Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 5(2), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.492963
AMA Bekler FN, Özel NM, Tanırcan G. Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi. J Nat Haz Environ. July 2019;5(2):305-316. doi:10.21324/dacd.492963
Chicago Bekler, Feyza Nur, Nurcan Meral Özel, and Gülüm Tanırcan. “Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) Ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 5, no. 2 (July 2019): 305-16. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.492963.
EndNote Bekler FN, Özel NM, Tanırcan G (July 1, 2019) Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 5 2 305–316.
IEEE F. N. Bekler, N. M. Özel, and G. Tanırcan, “Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi”, J Nat Haz Environ, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 305–316, 2019, doi: 10.21324/dacd.492963.
ISNAD Bekler, Feyza Nur et al. “Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) Ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 5/2 (July 2019), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.492963.
JAMA Bekler FN, Özel NM, Tanırcan G. Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi. J Nat Haz Environ. 2019;5:305–316.
MLA Bekler, Feyza Nur et al. “Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) Ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2019, pp. 305-16, doi:10.21324/dacd.492963.
Vancouver Bekler FN, Özel NM, Tanırcan G. Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Meydana Gelen Manyas (Mw=4.7) ve Gemlik (Mw=4.8) Depremlerinin Kinematik Analizi. J Nat Haz Environ. 2019;5(2):305-16.